331Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela.

1661Yachting begins in England; King Charles II beats his brother James, Duke of York

1814Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoléon Bonaparte the previous spring.

1833Charles Darwin reaches Rio Tercero Argentina

1852Alfred Russel Wallace returns to the U.K. after four years of travel, collecting, and research in South America

1867Karl Marx' "Das Kapital" published

1880John Philip Sousa becomes new director of US Marine Corps Band

1908Henry Ford introduces the Model T car (costs $825)

1908Jack Chesbro's final Higlander victory, beats Walter Johnson 2-1

1924Paavo Nurmi runs world record 4 mile (19:15.4) & 5 mile (24:06.2)

1928Paavo Nurmi runs world record 15m (46:49.6)

1932World Series moves to Chicago, In 5th inning, Babe Ruth waits until he has 2 strikes, points & hits next pitch into center field bleachers

1934Adolf Hitler expands German army & navy & creates an air force, violating Treaty of Versailles

1936Generalissimo Francisco Franco establishes state of Spain

1945Heavyweight champ Joe Louis is discharged from army

1949People's Republic of China proclaimed by Mao Zedong (National Day)

1961Mickey Wright wins LPGA Mickey Wright Golf Open

1961Roger Maris sets record of 61 HRs (off of Tracy Stallard)

1962Barbra Streisand signs her 1st recording contract (with Columbia)

1967Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Ladies' LA Golf Open

1972Kathy Whitworth wins LPGA Portland Ladies Golf Classic

1973Leo Durocher resigns as Houston Astro manager

1975Muhammad Ali TKOs Joe Frazier in 15 for heavyweight boxing title in "The Thrilla in Manila"

1977Brazilian soccer great Pele retires with 1,281 goals in 1,363 games

1977Elton John honored by MSG Hall of Fame

1988Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and thus head of state of the Soviet Union

1989Beth Daniel wins LPGA Konica San Jose Golf Classic

1990US President Bush at UN, condemns Iraq's takeover of Kuwait

1993Lennox Lewis TKOs Frank Bruno in 7 for heavyweight boxing title

1994South African President Nelson Mandela visits US

1998Vladimir Putin became a permanent member of the Security Council of the Russian Federation.

2014Canadian freestyle skier and two-time Olympic gold medalist Alexandre Bilodeau retires at 27