Today in History - Historical Events - 1865

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Notable Historical Events - 1865

1865CSA President Jefferson Davis flees Confederate capital of Richmond, VA

1865Confederate Gen Johnson surrendered to General William T. Sherman in North Carolina

1865General Sherman/Cox' troops reach Goldsboro NC

1865US Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee and 26,765 troops surrender at Appomattox Court House to US Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant

1865Robert E. Lee is named general-in-chief of Confederate forces

1865General William T. Sherman's Union forces occupies Fayetteville, NC

1865At Appomattox, General Robert E. Lee issues Gen Order #9, his last

1865US President Johnson offers $100,000 reward for capture of Jefferson Davis

1865Lewis Carroll publishes "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"

1865"Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll published in USA

1865Mark Twain publishes "Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"

1865President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater

1865Jefferson Davis signs bill authorizing use of slaves as soldiers

1865President Andrew Johnson paroles Confederate States VP Alexander H. Stephens

1865Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Washington

1865In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.

1865President Jefferson Davis is captured by Union Cavalry in Georgia

1865US Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands established by Abraham Lincoln to help destitute free blacks

1865Abraham Lincoln urges a spirit of generous conciliation during reconstruction

1865General Sherman's march through South Carolina begins

1865President Andrew Johnson proclaims an end to "insurrection" in Texas

1865Franz Schubert's "Unfinished Symphony" premieres

1865President Andrew Johnson proclaims reconstruction of confederate states

1865Otto Von Bismarck elevated to rank of Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen

1865Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinsville Georgia

1865Gen Robert E. Lee named Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies during US Civil War

1865 Historical Events
Date Event
Jan 1
-Apr 26th] Carolinas' campaign 
Jan 3
Con Orem & Hugh O'Neill box 193 rounds before darkness ends match 
Jan 4
The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street in New York City. 
Jan 11
Battle of Beverly, WV 
Jan 12
-13] Union fleet bombs Fort Fisher NC 
Jan 13
-Jan 15th] BBT & CPT Ft Fisher, NC 
Jan 15
Ft Fisher, NC falls to Union troops 
Jan 16
Drunken sailor attacks munitions at Ft Fisher NC, 40 die 
Jan 16
Gen Wm Sherman issues Field Order #15 (land for blacks) 
Jan 16
SF Dramatic Chronicle started 
Jan 18
Battle of Ft Moultrie, SC 
Jan 19
NV Suriname Bank established 
Jan 19
Union occupies Fort Anderson, NC 
Jan 23
-Jan 25th) Battle of City Point, VA (James River, Trent's Reach) 
Jan 25
CSS Shenandoah arrives in Melbourne, Australia 
Jan 28
Confederate President Jefferson Davis names 3 peace commissioners 
Jan 31
Congress passes 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery in America (121-24) 
Jan 31
Gen Robert E. Lee named Commander-in-Chief of Confederate Armies during US Civil War 
Feb 1
13th amendment approved (National Freedom Day) 
Feb 1
General Sherman's march through South Carolina begins 
Feb 1
JS Rock, 1st black lawyer to practice in Supreme Ct, admitted to bar 
Feb 3
Hampton Roads Peace Conference, Lincoln & Stephens reach an impasse 
Feb 4
Hawaiian Board of Education formed 
Feb 4
Robert E. Lee is named general-in-chief of Confederate forces 
Feb 5
Battle of Hatcher's Run, VA (Armstrong's Mill, Dabney's Mill) 
Feb 6
2nd day of battle at Dabney's Mills (Hatcher's Run) 
Feb 8
1st black major in US army, Martin Robinson Delany 
Feb 12
Henry Highland Garnet, is 1st black to speak in US House of Reps 
Feb 17
-18] Battle of Charleston SC 
Feb 17
Columbia SC burns down during Civil War 
Feb 18
Battle of Fort Moultrie, SC occupied by Federals 
Feb 18
Evacuation of Charleston, SC 
Feb 18
Union troops force Confederates to abandon Ft Anderson, NC 
Feb 20
M I T forms 1st US collegiate architectural school 
Feb 22
Battle of Wilmington, NC (Fort Anderson) occupied by Federals 
Feb 22
Tennessee adopts a new constitution abolishing slavery 
Feb 27
Civil War skirmish near Sturgeon, Missouri 
Mar 2
British newspaper "Morning Chronicle" begins publishing 
Mar 2
Freedman's Bureau founded for Black Education, 1865 
Mar 2
Conferate General Early's army is defeated at the battle of Waynesboro VA during American Civil War 
Mar 2
Second Taranaki War: The Volkner Incident in New Zealand. 
Mar 3
US Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, & Abandoned Lands established by Abraham Lincoln to help destitute free blacks 
Mar 3
Opening of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, the founding member of the HSBC Group. 
Mar 4
Confederate congress approves final design of "official flag" 
Mar 4
President Lincoln inaugurated for his 2nd term as US president 
Mar 6
Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida 
Mar 6
President Lincoln's 2nd Inaugural Ball 
Mar 7
-10] Battles round Kinston NC 
Mar 8
Battle of Kingston, NC (Wilcox's ridge, Wise's Forks) 
Mar 10
Battle of Monroe's Crossroads, NC 
Mar 11
General William T. Sherman's Union forces occupies Fayetteville, NC 
Mar 13
Jefferson Davis signs bill authorizing use of slaves as soldiers 
Mar 13
US Confederate Congress calls on black slaves for field service 
Mar 16
Battle of Averasboro NC (1,500 casualities) 
Mar 18
Battle of Wilson's raid to Selma, AL 
Mar 18
Congress of Confederate States of American adjourns for last time 
Mar 19
Battle of Bentonville-Confederates retreat from Greenville NC 
Mar 20
2nd day of Battle of Bentonville NC 
Mar 20
Michigan authorizes workers' cooperatives 
Mar 21
Battle of Bentonville ends, last Confederate effort to stop Sherman 
Mar 22
Raid at Wilson's: Chickaswas AL to Macon GA 
Mar 23
General Sherman/Cox' troops reach Goldsboro NC 
Mar 25
Battle of Bluff Spring, FL 
Mar 25
Battle of Fort Stedman, VA - in front of Petersburg 
Mar 25
Battle of Mobile, AL (Spanish Fort, Fort Morgan, Fort Blakely) 
Mar 25
SS General Lyon at Cape Hatteras catches fire & sinks, killing 400 
Mar 27
Siege of Spanish Fort, AL-captured by Federals 
Mar 29
-Apr 9th], Appomattox campaign, VA, 7582 killed 
Mar 29
Battle of Quaker Road, VA 
Mar 30
-4] Battle at 5 Forks Virginia 
Mar 31
Battle of Boydton, VA (White Oaks Roads, Dinwiddie C H) 
Mar 31
Gen Pickette moves to 5 Forks, abandoning the defense of Peterburg 
Apr 1
-9] Battle at Blakely Alabama 
Apr 1
Battle of 5 Forks Virginia, signalling end of Lee's army 
Apr 2
Battle of Petersburg, VA (Ft Gregg, Sutherland's Station) 
Apr 2
CSA President Jefferson Davis flees Confederate capital of Richmond, VA 
Apr 2
Battle of Ft Blakely AL & Selma AL 
Apr 3
Battle at Namozine Church, Virginia (Appomattox Campaign) 
Apr 3
Union forces occupy Confederate capital of Richmond Va & Petersberg 
Apr 4
Lee's army arrives at Amelia Courthouse 
Apr 5
Battle at Amelia Springs/Jetersville Va (Appomattox Campaign) 
Apr 6
Battle of Sayler's Creek during US Civil War, 1/4rd of Lee's army cut off 
Apr 6
Skirmish at High Bridge VA (Appomattox) during US Civil war; 
Apr 7
Battle of Farmville VA 
Apr 9
US Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee and 26,765 troops surrender at Appomattox Court House to US Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant 
Apr 10
At Appomattox, General Robert E. Lee issues Gen Order #9, his last 
Apr 11
Battle of Mobile, AL - evacuated by Confederates 
Apr 11
Abraham Lincoln urges a spirit of generous conciliation during reconstruction 
Apr 13
Battle of Raleigh, NC 
Apr 13
Sherman's march through Georgia begins 
Apr 14
Mobile, Alabama is captured 
Apr 14
US Secret Service created to fight counterfeiting 
Apr 14
U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked in his home by Lewis Powell. 
Apr 14
President Abraham Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theater 
Apr 15
Otto Von Bismarck elevated to rank of Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen 
Apr 16
Battle of Columbus & West Point, GA (Ft Tyler) 
Apr 17
Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in Lincoln's assassination 
Apr 18
Confederate Gen Johnson surrendered to General William T. Sherman in North Carolina 
Apr 20
Chicago's Crosby Opera House opens 
Apr 21
Abraham Lincoln's funeral train leaves Washington 
Apr 24
Fire alarm & police telegraph system put into operation (SF) 
Apr 26
Battle of Durham Station, NC (Greensboro) 
Apr 26
Battle of Ft Tobacco, VA 
Apr 26
Confederate Gen J E Johnston surrenders Army of Tenn, at Durham NC 
Apr 27
Cornell University (Ithaca NY) is chartered 
Apr 27
Steamboat "SS Sultana" explodes in the Mississippi River, killing up to 1,800 of the 2,427 passengers in the greatest maritime disaster in United States history. Most were paroled Union POWs on their way home. 
Apr 28
Giacomo Meyerbeer's opera "L'Africaine" premieres in Paris 
May 2
US President Johnson offers $100,000 reward for capture of Jefferson Davis 
May 4
Battle of Citronville, AL; Richard Taylor surrenders 
May 4
Battle of Mobile, AL 
May 5
1st US train robbery (North Bend Ohio) 
May 10
Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinsville Georgia 
May 10
Surrender of Sam Jones 
May 11
Confederate Brigadier General Meriwether Jeff Thompson surrenders at Jacksonport, Arkansas 
May 12
Last land action of Civil war at Palmito Ranch, Texas 
May 13
Battle of Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville, Texas: final engagement of the American Civil War, Private John Jefferson Williams of B Company, 34th Regiment Indiana Infantry is last man killed 
May 17
The International Telegraph Union (later the International Telecommunication Union) is established. 
May 19
President Jefferson Davis is captured by Union Cavalry in Georgia 
May 23
-24] Victory parade in Washington, DC (Grand Review) 
May 23
Flag flown at full mast over White House, 1st time since Lincoln shot 
May 26
Battle of Galveston TX, surrender of Edmund Kirby Smith 
Jun 2
At Galveston, Kirby-Smith surrenders Trans-Mississippi Dept 
Jun 8
Tristanderl und Zusholde, premieres 
Jun 9
Battle of Grand Gulf, MS 
Jun 10
Wagner's "Tristan und Isolde" 1st performance Munich Germany 
Jun 13
President Andrew Johnson proclaims reconstruction of confederate states 
Jun 19
Siege of Richmond, VA 
Jun 19
Union General Granger declares slaves are free in Texas 
Jun 22
1st class cricket debut of Dr W G Grace 
Jun 23
At Fort Towson, General Stand Watie surrenders last sizeable confederate army 
Jun 28
The Army of the Potomac is disbanded 
Jun 30
8 alleged conspirators in assassination of Lincoln are found guilty 
Jul 2
One-time Methodist Reform Church minister William Booth and his wife Catherine found the Salvation Army (Army of the Salvation) as the East London Christian Mission 
Jul 4
First edition of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" is published 
Jul 5
Great Britain delegate's world 1st maximum speed laws 
Jul 5
US Secret Service begins operating under the Treasury Department 
Jul 13
Horace Greeley reputedly advises his readers to "Go west young man" 
Jul 13
P T Barnum's museum burns down 
Jul 14
Whymper, Hudson, Croz, Douglas & Hadow 1st to climb Matterhorn 
Jul 21
In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first true western showdown. 
Jul 22
V E Walker takes 10-104 in an innings for Middlesex v Lancs 
Jul 26
Patrick Francis Healy is 1st African American awarded PhD (from University of Leuven, Belgium) 
Jul 26
The capital of New Zealand moves from Auckland to Wellington 
Jul 27
Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina. 
Jul 30
Pope Pius IX visits Suriname 
Jul 31
The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia. 
Aug 2
Lewis Carroll publishes "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" 
Aug 2
Trans Atlantic Cable being laid by SS Great Eastern snaps & is lost 
Aug 12
Joseph Lister performs 1st antiseptic surgery 
Aug 15
Battle of Lone Jack, Missouri 
Aug 16
Restoration Day in the Dominican Republic: The Dominican Republic regains its independence after 4 years of fighting against the Spanish Annexation. 
Aug 20
President Andrew Johnson proclaims an end to "insurrection" in Texas 
Aug 22
William Sheppard is issued the first US patent for liquid soap 
Sep 3
Army commander in SC orders Freedmen's Bureau to stop seizing land 
Sep 19
Atlanta University forms 
Sep 24
James Cooke walks tightrope from Cliff House to Seal Rocks, SF 
Oct 8
Earthquake in Santa Cruz Mountains 
Oct 9
First US underground pipeline for carrying oil is laid in Pennsylvania 
Oct 10
John Hyatts patents billard ball 
Oct 11
President Andrew Johnson paroles Confederate States VP Alexander H. Stephens 
Oct 11
Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion. 
Oct 14
Cheyennes & Arapahos sign "peace treaty" then chased out Colorado 
Nov 1
Zutphen-Fishing Dutch railway opens 
Nov 6
Maastricht-Venlo railway opens in Netherlands 
Nov 6
American Civil War: CSS Shenandoah is the last Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe on its cruise that sank or captured 37 vessels. 
Nov 11
Mary Edward Walker, the first US Army female surgeon, awarded Medal of Honor 
Nov 11
Thomas Robertson's "Society" premieres in London 
Nov 11
Treaty of Sinchula is signed in which Bhutan ceded the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company. 
Nov 13
PT Barnum's New American museum opens in Bridgeport 
Nov 13
US issues 1st gold certificates 
Nov 18
Mark Twain publishes "Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" 
Nov 21
Shaw University forms in Raleigh NC 
Nov 26
"Alice in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll published in USA 
Nov 26
Battle of Papudo: The Spanish navy engages a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet north of Valparaiso, Chile. 
Dec 5
Chincha Islands War: Peru allies with Chile against Spain. 
Dec 6
13th Amendment of the United States Constitution is ratified, abolishing slavery 
Dec 17
Franz Schubert's "Unfinished Symphony" premieres 
Dec 18
1st US cattle importation law passed 
Dec 20
De Clear-Alkmaar railway opens 
Dec 24
Several Confederate veterans form Ku Klux Klan in Pulaski, Tn 
Dec 26
James H Mason (Mass) patents 1st US coffee percolator 
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